Dunántúl Group
DPa2
This is the upper, thin-bedded part of the Pannonian s.
l. sedimentary cycle. It is composed mainly of grey calcareous clayey silt
and fine to small
grained sand(stone) beds, and occasionally of grey clay, silt with variegated
clay, red clay with carbonaceous clay intercalations (Nagyalföld,
Hanság,
Zagyva, Újfalu, Tihany, Somló, Taliándörögd
Formations). In addition, occasinally it contains beds of lignite (Bükkalja,
Torony Formations), bentonite,
basalt tuff, basalt, alginite (Salgóvár, Tapolca, Pula Formations),
limnic limestone (Kapolcs, Nagyvázsony Formations), and basal clastic
beds (Kálla Formation).
It is widespread in the basin areas. Thickness is 500 m on the average,
and the maximum thickness is about 3000 m. Its former rank of Super group
became
unjustified when the former constituent groups were abolished. Across the
border in neighbouring countries the beds are classified as Pontian (Miocene)
and/or Dacian-Romanian (Pliocene).
|
Nagyvázsony Limestone Formation
nvPa2
Usually white, or beige cryptocrystalline, frequently bituminous,
limnic limestone showing undulating bedding surfaces, with bed thickness
of 10 to 50 cm
and containing gastropod fauna. Less frequently, calcareous marl, white
lamellar geyserite and lime mud are included. In some cases, silt, or sand
beds are
also encountered. The formation is deposited in limnic - lacustrine facies.
Thickness: 20 to 30 m.
| Transdanubia (SE side of the Transdanubian Range) |
|
|
Pula Alginite Formation pPa2
It consists of green, white diatomite-plated and massive, less
frequently foliated alginite (oil shale) filling the crater basin of basalt
volcanoes, and
of grey bentonite beds overlying them. Thickness: 30 to 40 m, with a maximum
of 90 m.
| Transdanubia (Bakony Mts, Kemeneshát) |
|
|
Tapolca Basalt Formation taPa2
This formation consists of volcanic remnants (such as Badacsony, Somlyó,
Szentgyörgy-hegy) and tuff ring structures consisting of basalt and
basalt tuff, characterised by Na-alkaline chemistry, and in some cases
polycyclic occurrence. Sills and dikes are rare. The red clay resulting
from
the decomposition of basalt is also assigned to here (Kabhegy Red Clay
Member). The formation partly corresponds to the Salgóvár
Formation.
Its thickness may attain 50 to 200 m. Based on radiometric dating, the
age is 3 to 7.3 Ma.
| Transdanubia (South Bakony Mts, Environs of Lake Balaton, Kisalföld)
|
|
|
Taliándörögd Marl Formation
tdPa2
Consists of an alternation of thin beds of mainly grey clay marl
and silt, and occasionally of black huminitic clay, mollusc bearing calcareous
marl
with violet-grey lime pisoids/nodules, black, foliated lignite, and grey
silt. Thin basalt tuffite intercalations may also be included. As a lagoon
facies,
it replaces the Somló and Tihany Formations in the inner basins.
Thickness: 30 to 110 m.
| Transdanubia (Kapolcs-Nagyvázsony Basin, Buda Hills) |
|
|
Kapolcs Limestone Formation kaPa2
White, or grey, limnic, cryptocrystalline lagoon limestone with
rough bed boundaries, consisting of beds with a thickness of 5 to 30 cm,
containing
a limnic gastropod fauna, less frequently - lime mud.
| Transdanubia (Kapolcs-Nagyvázsony basin) |
|
|
Kálla Gravel Formation klPa2
Yellow, limonitic and white quartz-sand beds formed in a shoreline
zone of an inland sea, subjected to swell of the sea, as well as gravel
(pearl gravel)
bed consisting of fine-grained, well rounded and polished grains, rarely
comprising siliceous sandstone-quartzite lenses, and locally polymict bodies
of coarse (10 to 50 cm) pebbles. Its has a thickness ranging from 5 to
10 m. (This formation may correspond to the Kisbér Formation).
| Transdanubia (SE margin of and internal basins in the Transdanubian
Range) |
|
|
Imárhegy Silt Formation iPa1-2
It consists of brownish grey, bituminous, foliated, pelitic rocks
(calcareous clayey silt, clay marl) of lagoon interior shallow sublittoral
facies.
Thickness: 20 to 100 m.
| Transdanubia (Kapolcs-Nagyvázsony Basin) |
|
|
Tihany Formation tPa2
Grey silt, and molluscan calcareous, argillaceous silt and fine
grained sand of basin-marginal facies including huminitic and carbonaceous
clay,
less frequently yellow, grey and green coloured variegated clay beds and
thin lignite and dolomite beds. Its thickness may reach 350 m.
| Transdanubia (basin-marginal areas) |
|
|
Hanság Formation hPa2
Consists of a frequent alternation of fluvial or lacustrine grey and
variegated calcareous, sandy clay and sand beds, with lignite strings,
basalt veins, tuff traces and gravel beds to be found in some places.
|
Torony Lignite Formation toPa2
A thin-bedded formation in the uppermost part of the Pannonian
s. l. sedimentary cycle, consisting of an alternation of grey argillaceous
silt,
calcareous, argillaceous silt, fine-grained muscovite sand, carbonaceous
clay beds (fluvial delta plain beds that were formed on land and
under water, respectively), including six thin lignite seams. Thin-bedded.
Its average thickness is about 200 m.
It corresponds to the Bükkalja Formation.
| Transdanubia (Environs of Szombathely and South Somogy) |
|
|
Somló Formation soPa2
This formation is the marginal part of the Transdanubian Group. The
formation does not contain any marshy intercalations (such as huminitic
clay or lignite). It consists of an alternation of grey, clay marl silt
with molluscs, laminated silt, and fine to small grained sand. It was deposited
in an underwater environment of a delta plain. From the margins towards
the interior of the basin the thickness increases to 100-150 m.
|
Csór Silt Formation crPa1-2
Grey, homogeneous, un-consolidated, well sorted lagoon silt of
biogenic texture, sporadically with fine grained sand and clay marl silt
intercalations.
It appears as an intercalation in the Csákvár and Szák
Formations. Thickness: 5 to 50 m.
| Transdanubia (Transdanubian Range, foreland of the Villány
Hills) |
|
|
Kisbér Gravel Formation kPa1-2
Basin-marginal, grey pebbly sand of abrasion shore facies and
sandy, well polished pearl gravel, with a few intercalations of silt, or
calcareous clayey silt.
It may correspond to the Kálla Formation.
| Transdanubia (NW foreland of the Transdanubian Range) |
|
|
Szák Clay Marl Formation sPa1-2
Almost allways grey, shallow, sublittoral calcareous argillaceous
silt with molluscs and ostracods, rarely with thin silt and fine grained
sandstone intercalations.
Thickness: 50 to 200 m.
| Transdanubia (NW foreland of the Transdanubian Range, the environs
of the Villány Hills, E foreland of the Sopron Hills) |
|
|
Zagyva Formation zPa2
It consists of a very frequent alternation of fluvial and lacustrine,
loose, medium to fine grained sand, sandstone, silt, clay and clay marl
beds containing
coalified plant remnants with frequent occurrences of lignite strips. The
sequence may contain sandstone intercalations with a thickness of 10 to
20 m,
which are channel fill, point bar, or flood plain deposits, and paleosoil
levels described as "variegated clay". (In Transdanubia, the
formation was formerly
referred to as "Rábaköz Formation".) Its greatest
thickness exceeds 1000 m.
| Transdanubia (Internal basins), Alföld |
JUHÁSZ, GY.-GAJDOS, I.-PAP, S.- NÉMETH,
G. |
|
Újfalu Sandstone Formation úPa2
This consists of a frequent alternation of sandstone, siltstone
and clay marl, deposited in a littoral, particularly delta front-delta
plain environment.
The sandstone bodies in it may have a thickness of a few tens of metres.
Coalified plant remnants frequently occur in it, forming a bed at some
sites.
(It was formerly referred to as "Törtel Sandstone Formation"
in the Alföld). Its thickness ranges from 20 to 1000 m, most frequently
from 200 to 600 m.
| Neogene basins in Transdanubia and the Alföld |
NÉMETH, G.-GAJDOS, I.-PAP, S.-JUHÁSZ,
GY. |
|
Algyõ Formation aPa1-2
Dark grey clay marl deposited mainly in an underwater slope (delta
slope and basin slope) environment, containing carbonised plant remnants.
Occasionally we find Distributary-mouth bar, underwater channel basin filling,
siltstone and sandstone bodies of gravitational origin. The frequency
and thickness of these shows extreme varitions by area. Thickness: 100
to 900 m. (In Transdanubia, it was formerly referred to
as "Dráva Clay Marl Formation").
| Neogene basins in Transdanubia and the Alföld |
GAJDOS, I.-PAP S.-NÉMETH G.-JUHÁSZ GY.
|
|
Endrõd Marl Formation eMs-Pa2
An open-water formation characterised by variable water depth
conditions (125 to 800 m), with a total thickness of 100 to 200 m on the
average,
and a maximum thickness of 700 m. The sequence usually begins with calcareous
marl, and marl (Tótkomlós Clay Marl Member - in the Alföld;
Belezna Clay Marl Member - in Transdanubia) then shows a gradual transition
into deep-water (hemipelagic) clay marl upwards
(Nagykörü Clay Marl Member - in the Alföld; Nagylengyel
Clay Marl Member - in Transdanubia). The clay marl represents several lithofacies:
light grey, yellowish grey over elevated ridges, in shallow water; and
dark-grey - locally, dark grey - in the deep zones. In areas of steep basement
morphology, pebbles originating from the basement are encountered sporadically
(Dorozsma Marl Member). In the upper part of the formation, thin
siltstone and sandstone strips appear as distal turbidite, representing
a gradual transition to the Szolnok Formation (Vásárhely
Marl Member).
All members described here used to have a rank of formation.
This formation is mainly Early Pannonian, in some
sub-basins Sarmatian (the former "Zala Marl Formation" and "Dorozsma
Marl Member"),
whereas it is Late Pannonian in the SE part of the Great Hungarian Plain.
| Neogene basins in Transdanubia and the Alföld |
|
|
Nagyalföld Variegated Clay Formation
nPa2
Consists of an alternation of bluish grey sand beds with grey, yellowish
grey, reddish brown spotted clay beds of varying thickness. Lignite and
pebbly
sand beds are frequently included. It represents a typical lacustrine,
fluvial and terrestrial sequence. Thickness: several hundreds of metres.
|
Bükkalja Lignite Formation bPa2
Lignite and grey, bluish grey and variegated clay with sand intercalations.
Seam thickness: may attain 10 to 15 metres. The formation consists of an
alternation of fluvial delta plain beds that were formed on land and under
water, respectively. (It corresponds to the Torony Formation).
| North-Hungary (South foreland) |
|
|
Borsod Gravel Formation boPa1-2
Basin-marginal, alluvial fan type coarse-grained gravel and sandy
gravel containing variegated clay and pebbly clay intercalations with a
thickness of a
few metres. The gravel material consists of crystalline basement rocks,
and, in the south, Mesozoic carbonates as well. A formation in Slovakia
which
partly corresponds to this formation is the "Poltár Gravel
Formation" classified as Pontian. The Borsod Gravel Formation has
a thickness 90 to 100 m N
of the Sajó Valley. Its age is uncertain.
| North-Hungary (Sajó Valley) |
|
|
Edelény Variegated Clay Formation edPa1-2
It consists of a dense alternation of grey and variegated clay,
calcareous clayey silt, huminitic clay, carbonaceous clay, lignite and,
in the proximity of the base,
vesicular sand and pebbly sand beds. It is a delta plain (fluvial, marshy,
lacustrine) formation with a thickness of 50 to 300 m, and near the top
with freshwater
limestone and clay marl (Szalonna Limestone Member).
| North-Hungary (Sajó-Hernád Interfluve, Rudabánya
Mts) |
|
|
Szolnok Sandstone Formation szPa1-2
It consists of an alternation of deep-water, turbiditic, fine-grained
sandstone, siltstone and clay marl-marl beds. Coalified plant remnants
are frequently
encountered. It has a varying thickness, exceeding 1000 m in deep basins.
It wedges out towards the basin margins.
In Transdanubia, it can be divided into three members
which are as follows: Tófej Sandstone Member (earlier referred to
as "Tófej Sandstone Formation") -
the upper part of the sandy turbiditic sequence in the central part of
Transdanubia, and the entire deep-water turbiditic sequence in the southern
part.
Lenti Marl Member (earlier referred to as "Lenti Marl Formation")
is an open-water clay marl marker horizon between the Tófej and
Lovászi Members;
it has thin sandstone strips. The Lovászi Sandstone Member (formerly
referred to as "Lovászi Sandstone Formation") has a facies
and lithology similar to
the Tófej Formation, representing the lower part of turbidites.
| Neogene basins in Transdanubia and the Alföld |
JUHÁSZ, GY.-NÉMETH, G.-GAJDOS, I.-PAP,
S. |
|
Kecel Basalt Formation kePa1-2
Basalt lava, agglomerate, and to a lesser extent, grey, light greenish
grey basalt tuff sporadically with calcareous cement and detritus particles.
Amygdaloids are frequent in the basalt fiilled by crystalline calcite and
radial, fibrous chalcedony. Maximum thickness: 600 m. Based on radiometric
dating, the age is 8 to 10 Ma.
| Alföld (Danube-Tisza Interfluve) |
|
|
Békés Conglomerate Formation bPa1-2
Abrasion shoreline conglomerate, sandstone, less frequently breccia,
originating from the local basement, or transported from a small distance,
and dominated by metamorphic and Mesozoic rocks. Its distribution is restricted
to the environs of islands that existed in the Early Pannonian.
Thickness: not exceeding 100 m (It was formerly called "Mihályi
Conglomerate Formation" in Transdanubia).
| Neogene basins in the Alföld and Transdanubia |
GAJDOS, I.-PAP, S.-NÉMETH, G.-JUHÁSZ,
GY. |
|
Peremarton Group PPa1
It is the lower part of the Pannonian s.l. sedimentary cycle, consisting
dominantly of grey, pelitic rocks. Mainly grey calcareous silt, marl and
calcareous marl, and occasionally silt, sand(stone), variegated clay, limestone
and diatomite (Algyõ, Csór, Szák, Szolnok, Endrõd,
Csákvár,
Zsámbék, Õsi, Imárhegy, Monostorapáti,
Edelény and Sajóvölgy Formations), gravel, conglomerate
(Békés, Zámor and Kisbér Formations),
basalt tuff, basalt, rhyolite tuff, andesite and andesite tuff (Cserehát,
Kecel Formations, and the Pannonian part of the Tokaj and Pásztor
Formations)
are involved in its composition. Thickness is 500 m on the average and
the greatest thickness is about 2000 m. Its former rank of Super group
became
unjustified when the former constituent groups were abolished. In accordance
with the classification used in neighbouring countries, the age is
Late Miocene, Pannonian (s. str.). Based on latest data, it is partly younger
(Pontian, or even Dacian).
|
Monostorapáti Marl Formation
mPa1
White calcareous marl with ostracods and conchoidal or laminar
jointing. Occasionally it has millimetre sized rhyodacite tuff intercalations.
It has a lagoon facies.The thickness is 0.6 to 3 m. It was deposited at
the beginning of the Early Pannonian.
| Transdanubia (Kapolcs-Nagyvázsony Basin) |
|
|
Csákvár Clay Marl Formation
cPa1
Shallow sublittoral grey calcareous clayey silt, white marl, calcareous
marl, or less frequently silt, diatomite, huminitic and variegated clay,
locally
with limestone beds (this is the Strázsahegy Limestone Member in
the Zsámbék and Mány Basins) and with rhyolite tuff
strips. It fills the subsidence
formed between the outcrops of the basement, and is dominantly grey, pelitic
and rich in molluscan shells. Thickness: 70 to 190 m.
| Transdanubia (SE foreland of the Transdanubian Range, Mecsek Mts,
Villány Hills), and North-Hungary the S foreland of Bükk Mts |
|
|
Zámor Gravel Formation zPa1
Grey, well rounded, mainly quartz or quartzite bearing sand and
pebbly sand ("pearl gravel" facies), with an arched cross bedding.
An inland shore
deposit, representing mainly a basal rock, less frequently an intercalation
in the Csákvár and Algyõ Formations. Thickness: 10
to 30 m.
| Transdanubia (SE foreland of the Transdanubian Range) |
|
|
Zsámbék Marl Formation zsPa1
It is dominated by grey silty clay marl and marl beds characterised
by rhyodacite tuff, or possibly bentonite strips which are from a few millimetres
to
a few centimetres thick. The presence of the latter is the only difference
with respect to the Csákvár Formation. This formation is
characterised by
shallow sublittoral facies, and has a thickness of 5 to 20 m.
| Transdanubia (NE foreland Transdanubian Range) |
|
|
Õsi Variegated Clay Formation õPa1
Mainly yellow, brown, green, grey variegated, grey or yellow
spotted argillaceous silt and silty clay, and similarly variegated argillaceous
sand,
dark-grey huminitic clay. The lower part contains argillaceous gravel beds.
Exceptionally, rhyodacite tuff strips as well as thin diatomite and limnic
limestone intercalations may also occur. It was formed in a lagoon of the
Pannonian inland sea, which was subjected to drying up from time to time.
Thickness: 7 to 80 m.
| Transdanubia (SE foreland of the Transdanubian Range, E foreland
of the Kõszeg) |
|
|
Pásztori Trachite Formation pMb-Pa1
A rock body consisting of an irregular alternation of trachite bearing
agglomerate, tuff and marl of unclear structure and genetics. It is the
product of
volcanic activity which started in the Badenian and continued into the
Pannonian. It's known thickness is 600 to 700 m. Based on radiometric dating,
it is aged 8.6 to 13.3 Ma.
|
Sajóvölgy Formation sMb-Pa1
This consists mainly of fluvial sand, calcareous clayey silt, occasionally
diatomite, limno-opalite and polymict gravel or conglomerate beds
("Sarmatian gravel"), of fluvial, lacustrine, or possibly inland
sea origin. Rich in re-deposited and windborne pyroclastics (andesite and
rhyodacite tuffite, tuff). Thickness: 20 to 150 m. The maximum thickness
is 300 m.
| North-Hungary (Borsod, Nógrád Basins) |
|
|
Cserehát Rhyolite Tuff Formation csPa1
It consists of thin windborne rhyodacite tuff beds which enclose
rhyodacite crystalline tuff, pumice-rich tuff, fine-grained tuff, tuffite
and
bentonite beds. The thickness is ranging from a few millimetres to 50 m.
Based on radiometric dating, it is aged 9 to 10 Ma.
| Transdanubia, the Alföld, North-Hungary |
|
|
Tokaj Volcanite Formation tkMb-Pa1
A stratovolcanic series of rhyolite, dacite and andesite pyroclasts, tuffites
and rocks of lava origin in which grey calcareous clayey silt,
sand and sandy limestone may occur as an intercalation. It consists of
three volcanic cycles (in Nyírség, it used to be distinguished
as
"Nyírség Formation"). It has an estimated thickness
of 1000 to 2000 m. Based on radiometric dating, it is aged 9 to 15 Ma.
| North-Hungary (Tokaj Mts), Alföld (Nyírség) |
|
|